Công thức quá khứ đơn

Thì quá khứ đơn (Simple Past) – Công thức, cách dùng, dấu hiệu và bài tập

1. Khái niệm

Thì quá khứ đơn (Past simple tense) dùng để diễn tả một hành động, sự việc diễn ra và kết thúc trong quá khứ

2. Cấu trúc thì quá khứ đơn

2.1 Thì quá khứ đơn với động từ “TO BE”

2.1.1 Thể khẳng định

Cấu trúc: S + was/ were +…

Trong đó: S (subject): Chủ ngữ

Lưu ý: S = I/ He/ She/ It/ Danh từ số ít + was

           S = We/ You/ They/ Danh từ số nhiều + were

Ví dụ: – I was at my uncle’s house yesterday afternoon. (Tôi đã ở nhà bác tôi chi

• They were in Hanoi on their summer vacation last month. (Họ đã ở Hà Nội vào kỳ nghỉ hè tháng trước.)

2.1.2 Thể phủ định

Cấu trúc: S + was/ were + not

Lưu ý: was not = wasn’t

           were not = weren’t

Ví dụ: – He wasn’t at home last Monday. (Anh ấy đã không ở nhà thứ Hai trước.)

•  We weren’t happy because our team lost. (Chúng tôi không vui vì đội của chúng tôi đã thua.) 

2.1.3 Thể nghi vấn

• Câu hỏi Yes/No question 

Cấu trúc: Was/ Were + S +…?

Trả lời: Yes, S + was/ were.

           / No, S + wasn’t/ weren’t.

Ví dụ: – Were you sad when you didn’t get good marks?

Yes, I was./ No, I wasn’t.

• Was she drunk last night ? (Họ có nghe khi anh ấy nói không?)

Yes, she was./ No, she wasn’t.

• Câu hỏi WH- question

Cấu trúc: WH-word + was/ were + S (+ not) +…?

Trả lời: S + was/ were (+ not) +….

Ví dụ: What was the weather like yesterday? (Hôm qua thời tiết như thế nào?)

Why were you sad? (Tại sao bạn buồn?)

2.2 Thì quá khứ đơn với động từ thường

2.2.1 Thể khẳng định

Cấu trúc: S + V-ed +…

Trong đó: S (Subject): Chủ ngữ

V-ed: Động từ chia thì quá khứ đơn (theo quy tắc hoặc bất quy tắc)

Ví dụ: – I went to the stadium yesterday to see watch the football match. (Tôi đã tới sân vận động ngày hôm qua để xem trận đấu.)

• We vistied Australia last summer. (Chúng tôi du lịch nước Úc mùa hè trước.)

2.2.2 Thể phủ định

Cấu trúc: S + did not + V(nguyên mẫu)

Lưu ý: did not = didn’t

Ví dụ: – They didn’t accept our offer. (Họ không đồng ý lời đề nghị của chúng tôi.)

• She didn’t show me how to open the computer. (Cô ấy không cho tôi thấy cách mở máy tính.)

2.2.3 Thể nghi vấn

• Câu hỏi Yes/ No question

Cấu trúc: Did + S + V(nguyên thể)?

Trả lời: Yes, S + did./ No, S + didn’t.

Ví dụ: – Did you bring her the package? (Bạn đã mang gói hàng cho cô ấy phải không?)

Yes, I did./ No, I didn’t.

• Did Cristiano play for Manchester United? (Có phải Cristiano từng chơi cho Manchester United không?)

Yes, he did./ No, he didn’t.

• Câu hỏi WH- question

Cấu trúc: WH-word + did + S (+ not) + V(nguyên mẫu)?

Trả lời: S + V-ed +…

Ví dụ: – What did you do last Sunday? (Bạn đã làm gì Chủ nhật trước?)

• Why did she break up with him? (Tại sao cô ấy lại chia tay anh ta?)

3. Cách sử dụng thì quá khứ đơn trong tiếng Anh

Thì quá khứ đơn là một trong những thì có cách sử dụng khá dễ để nắm vững. Tuy nhiên đừng thấy vậy mà vội chủ quan. Nếu bạn muốn nắm chắc loại thì này hãy cùng xem bảng dưới đây để hiểu được chi tiết nhất cách sử dụng chúng nhé.

4. Dấu hiệu nhận biết thì quá khứ hoàn thành trong tiếng Anh

Ta thường gặp những từ sau:

• Yesterday: Hôm qua
• Last night: Tối qua
• Last week: Tuần trước
• Last month: Tháng trước
• Last year: Năm ngoái
• Ago: cách đây. (two hours ago: cách đây 2 giờ, two weeks ago: cách đây 2 tuần…)
• at, on, in… (at 6 o’clock, on Monday, in June,…)
• When + mệnh đề chia thì quá khứ đơn: khi (when I was a kid,…)

Ví dụ:  Last night he slept with his parents. (Đêm qua anh ấy ngủ với bố mẹ)

Liverpool gave away tickets to their fans last week. (Liverpool phát miễn phí vé cho người hâm mộ tuần trước.)

Bài tập vận dụng

Để ghi nhớ hoàn toàn những kiến thức phía trên, bây giờ chúng ta hãy cùng vận dụng kiến thức để làm một bài tập nho nhỏ về chia động từ ở thì quá khứ đơn nhé. Bài tập có câu trúc rất cơ bản nên chắc chắn là bạn sẽ dễ dàng hoàn thành thôi.

Bài 1. Viết lại câu sử dụng từ gợi ý đã cho.

1. Yesterday/I/see/Jaden/on/way/come home.
2. What/you/do/last Monday/You/look/tired/when/come/our house.
3. Linda/not/eat/anything/because/full.
4. cats/go/out/him/go shopping//They/look/happy.
5. You and your classmates/not/study/lesson?

Đáp án

1. Yesterday, I saw Jaden on the way I came home.
2. What did you do last Monday? You looked tired when you came to our house.
3. Linda didn’t eat anything because she was full.
4. The cats went out with him to go shopping. They looked very happy.
5. Did you and your classmates not study the lesson?

Bài 2: Chia các động từ sau ở thì quá khứ đơn.

1. I _____ at my mom’s home yesterday. (stay) 
2. Hannah ______ to the theatre last Sunday. (go)
3. I and my classmates ______ a great time in Da Nang last year. (have)
4. My holiday in California last summer ______ wonderful. (be)
5. Last January I _____ Sword Lake in Ha Noi. (visit)
6. My grandparents ____ very tired after the trip. (be)
7. I _______ a lot of gifts for my older brother. (buy)
8. James and Belle _______ sharks, dolphins and turtles at Vinpearl aquarium. (see)
9. Gary _____ chicken and rice for lunch. (eat)
10. We ____ about their holiday in Ca Mau. (talk)

Đáp án

BÀI TẬP THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN

Bài 1: Hoàn thành các câu bằng cách sử dụng các động từ sau ở dạng chính xác:

(buy – catch – cost – fall – hurt – sell – spend – teach – throw -·write)

1. Mozart …wrote….. more than 600 pieces of music.

2 ‘How did you learn to drive?’ ‘My father . …………….. me.’

3 We couldn’t afford to keep our car, so we …………… .. it.

4 Dave ………………………………… down the stairs this morning and … . ………… ……………. his leg.

5 joe ………………………………… the ball to Sue, who .. ….. .. .. .. .. …………… it.

 6 Ann ………. ….. a lot of money yesterday. She . … ……….. a dress which ……….. ….. .. ….. £100.

Bài 2: Hoàn thành các câu. Đặt động từ vào đúng dạng.

1. lt was warm, so I ………. off my coat. (take)

2. The film wasn’t very good. I .……….. it much. (enjoy)

3. I knew Sarah was busy, so I …………………… ………………….. her. (disturb)

4. We were very tired, so we . …………………. …………… the party early. (leave)

5. The bed was very uncomfortable. I ………………………………………….. well. (sleep)

6. The window was open and a bird ……………… ……….. ….. . into the room. (fly)

7. The hotel wasn’t very expensive. lt .. ….. …. . …………. much to stay there. (cost)

8. I was in a hurry, so I….. …. … .. ……… time to phone you. (have)

9 lt was hard carrying the bags. They ………………………….. .. ……………. very heavy. (be)

Bài 3: Chọn đáp án đúng

1. They __________ the bus yesterday.

A. don’t catch           B. weren’t catch       C. didn’t catch         D. not catch

2. My sister  __________ home late last night.

A. comes                    B. come                      C. came                     D. was come

3. My father __________  tired when I __________ home.

A. was – got              B. is – get                   C. was – getted          D. were – got

4. What __________ you __________ two days ago?

A. do – do                  B. did – did                C. do – did                 D. did – do

5. Where __________ your family __________ on the summer holiday last year?

A. do – go                  B. does – go               C. did – go                 D. did – went

Bài 4: Bạn có cuộc nói chuyện với James về kỳ nghỉ của anh ấy. Viết câu hỏi của bạn để hoàn thành đoạn hội thoại dưới đây nhé:

Hi. How are things?

Fine, thanks. I’ve just had a great holiday.

1. Where ….did you … go… ?

To the U.S. We went on a trip from San Francisco to Denver.

2. How …………… ………………………… . ? By car?

Yes, we hired a car in San Francisco.

3. lt’s a long way to drive. How long. …………………… to get to Denver?

Two weeks.

4. Where ………………. ? In hotels?

Yes, small hotels or motels.

5. ………………………. good?

Yes, but it was very hot – sometimes too hot

6……………….. the Grand Canyon ?

Of course. lt was wonderfull.

Bài 5: Hoàn thành đoạn hội thoại sau:

Claire: (Did you have (you / have) a nice weekend in Paris? 
Mark: Yes, thanks. It was good. We looked around and then we saw a show. 
(1) ………………………………. (we / not / try) to do too much. 
Claire: What sights (2) ……………………………………. (you / see)? 
Mark: We had a look round the Louvre. (3)……………………………. (I / not / know) there was so much in there. 
Claire: And what show (4)……………………………………….. (you / go) to? 
Mark: Oh, a musical. I forget the name. (5) ………………… (I / not / like) it. 
Claire: Oh, dear. And (6) ………………………………………. (Sarah / enjoy) it? 
Mark: No, not really. But we enjoyed the weekend. Sarah did some shopping, too, but 
(7) ……………………… (I / not / want) to go shopping.

ĐÁP ÁN

Bài 1: 

1. wrote

2. taught

3. sold 

4. fell … hurt 

5. threw .. . caught 

6. spent … bought … cost

Bài 2:

1. took

2. didn’t enjoy

3. didn’t disturb

4. left

5. didn’t sleep

6. flew

7. didn’t cost

8. didn’t have

9. wer

Bài 3:

1. C

2. C

3. A

4. D

5. C

Bài 4: 

1. did you

2. did you travel I did you go

3. did it take (you)

4. did you stay

5. Was the weather

6. Did you go to I Did you see I Did you visit

Bài tập bổ trợ Thì Quá khứ đơn

EX1: Hoàn thành các câu với thì Quá khứ đơn

If I spoke German,I would work in Germany.

1. It/ be/ cloudy/ yesterday.
   -> _______ .
2. In 1990/ we/ move/ to another city.
   -> _________________ .
3. when/ you/ get/ the first gift?
   ->____________?
4. She/ not/ go/ to the church/ five days ago.
   -> ______________________.
5. How/ be/ he/ yesterday?
   -> ________?
   I would work in Germany.
   tôi sẽ làm việc ở Đức.

EX2: Dùng các từ sau để hoàn thành các câu phía dưới.

Go Be Sleep Cook wirte

1. She….out with her boyfiend last night. ->…
2. Laura….a meal yesterday afternoor. -> …
3. Mozart ….more than 600 pieces of music. -> …
4. I …. tired when I came home. -> …
5. The bed was very comfortable so they…..very well. ->…

EX3: Hoàn thành những câu dưới đây với động từ dạng phụ định

1. I knew Sarah was busy, so I __ her. (disturb)
2. The bed was uncomfortable. I _ well. (sleep)
3. They weren’t hungry, so they _ anything. (eat)
4. We went to Kate’s house but she __ at home. (be)

Đáp án bài tập bổ trợ

Đáp án EX1

1. It/ be/ cloudy/ yesterday.
   -> It was cloudy yesterday.
2. In 1990/ we/ move/ to another city.
   -> In 1990 we moved to another city.
3. when/ you/ get/ the first gift?
   -> When did you get the first gift?
4. She/ not/ go/ to the church/ five days ago.
   -> She didn’t go to the church five days ago.
5. How/ be/ he/ yesterday?
   -> How was he yesterday?

Đáp án EX2

1. She….out with her boyfiend last night. -> went
2. Laura….a meal yesterday afternoor. -> cooked
3. Mozart ….more than 600 pieces of music. -> wrote
4. I …. tired when I came home. -> was
5. The bed was very comfortable so they…..very well. -> slept

Đáp án EX3

1. did not disturb / didn’t disturb
2. did not sleep / didn’t sleep
3. did not eat / didn’t eat
4. was not / wasn’t

BÀI TẬP THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN

Exercise 1[1]: Cho dạng đúng của những từ trong ngoặc sau để tạo thành một bài IELTS Writing Task 1 có nghĩa.

The line graph (1-compare)__________________ three types of traveler to New Zealand between 1997 and 2021 in terms of their average daily expenditure.

It is noticeable that spending by these international visitors (2-be) at its highest between the years 2000 and 2003. Overall, business travelers (3-spend)______________ the most per day, while people visiting friends or relatives (4-spend)________________the least.

In 1997, business visitors to New Zealand spent an average of almost $260 per day, while holidaymakers spent around $190 and people visiting friends or relatives spent less than $120. Over the following five years, spending by all three types of traveler (5-increase)_______________ dramatically, to peaks of around $330, $270 and $220. However, visitor spending suddenly (6-fall)___________ again between 2003 and 2005.

From 2005 to 2015, the daily expenditure of business travelers and tourists (7-fluctuate)___________ around the $200 mark, whereas people visiting relations or friends spent roughly 60 to 80 dollars less per day. By 2021, daily spending had risen to approximately $250, $210 and $140 respectively for vacationers, business people and those visiting loved ones.

Exercise 2: Cho dạng đúng của những từ trong ngoặc sau để tạo thành một bài IELTS Speaking part 2 có nghĩa.

I can remember many happy events of my life and out of those, I would like to talk about the event that I can still remember vividly. It (1-be)_________ indeed an exhilarating event and that was regarding my success in the board final exam. The moment I (2-hear)__________ that I had been awarded a scholarship for my performance in the board exam, I (3-become)___________ the happiest man in the world. This (4-be)________ truly a felicitous moment for me as it is something I was looking forward to very eagerly and the news (5-make)_________ my parents quite happy and proud. I would like to thank you for letting me talk about this event.

I (6-wait) ___________almost a month with great anxiety for my result. I (7-start)______________ speculating so many things and many of them were negative. I could hardly stop thinking about my upcoming result during this period. The result was highly important and my college admission was dependent on it. I could not sleep well the night before the result publishing day. I think it is common for students to worry about their results, especially for important exams, and I was familiar with this type of concern. However, I have to admit that I had been more worried about it than other exam results I can remember.
The result was published at around 11.00 am and I (8-find)_________ that I did exceptionally well. I was so relieved and happy that I was on cloud nine. Then I hurriedly returned home and gave the news to my parents. They were very happy. My father, who barely expresses his emotions (9-be)__________ also very pleased, and my mother called a few of our relatives to share the good news. I felt excited, happy and relieved. At that time I was about 15 years old. It (10-happen)__________ in our hometown called (… say the name of your hometown…). It was so pleasant an event that I still remember every bit of it.

Exercise 3: Mỗi câu sau chứa một lỗi sai. Tìm và sửa chúng.

1. At present, I’m work as a teacher in a secondary school and I plan to work here for 2 or 3 years before going to Australia to study.

____________________________________________________________

2. Fire are one of the most important inventions in history.

____________________________________________________________

3. Beyonce was now a very well-known all over the world and she has released several albums in her singing career.

____________________________________________________________

4. In the future, I came back to Indonesia to work after having a long vacation in Japan.

____________________________________________________________

5. They haven’t seen each other since a long time.

____________________________________________________________

6. The person I love the most is my elder brother, who are a very brave person.

____________________________________________________________

7. Mr. Hung teaching us the subject “Applied Linguistics” when we were freshmen in the university.

____________________________________________________________

8. George Clooney, a famous actor, achieved many prizes in his acting career so far.

____________________________________________________________

9. It was a cloudy day in November, 2013 and I am having to take the last exam of my student life.

____________________________________________________________

10. Smart phone helped us a lot in our daily life.

____________________________________________________________

Exercise 4: Chia các động từ sau ở thì quá khứ đơn.

1. I _____ at home last weekend. (stay) 

2. Angela ______ to the cinema last night. (go)

3. I and my friends ______ a great time in Nha Trang last year. (have)

4. My vacation in Hue last summer ______ wonderful. (be)

5. Last June I _____ Ngoc Son Temple in Ha Noi. (visit)

6. My parents ____ very tired after the trip. (be)

7. I _______ a lot of gifts for my little sister. (buy)

8. Lan and Mai _______ sharks, dolphins and turtles at Tri Nguyen aquarium. (see)

9. Trung _____ chicken and rice for dinner. (eat)

10. They ____ about their holiday in Hoi An. (talk)

ĐÁP ÁN

Exercise 1

1 – compares

2 – was

3 – spent

4 – spent

5 – increased

6 – fell

7 – fluctuated

Exercise 2

Exercise 3

Exercise 4

Bài tập

Bài 1: Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc.

1. My sister (get) married last month.

2. Daisy (come) to her grandparents’ house 3 days ago.

3. My computer (be ) broken yesterday.

4. He (buy) me a big teddy bear on my birthday last week.

5. My friend (give) me a bar of chocolate when I (be) at school yesterday.

6. My children (not do) their homework last night.
7. You (live) here five years ago?

8. They (watch) TV late at night yesterday.

9. Your friend (be) at your house last weekend?

10. They (not be) excited about the film last night.

Bài 2: Chọn đáp án đúng (A, B, C hoặc D) để điền vào chỗ trống.

1. They __________ the bus yesterday.

A. don’t catch           B. weren’t catch       C. didn’t catch          D. not catch

2. My sister  __________ home late last night.

A. comes                    B. come                      C. came                      D. was come

3. My father __________  tired when I __________ home.

A. was – got               B. is – get                   C. was – getted          D. were – got

4. What __________ you __________ two days ago?

A. do – do                  B. did – did                C. do – did                 D. did – do

5. Where __________ your family __________ on the summer holiday last year?

A. do – go                  B. does – go               C. did – go                 D. did – went

ĐÁP ÁN 

Bài 1:

1.got

2.came

3.was

4.bought

5.gave – was.

6. didn’t do
7.Did you live

8.watched

9.Was your friend at

10.weren’t

Bài 2:

1. They __________ the bus yesterday.

A. don’t catch           B. weren’t catch       C. didn’t catch         D. not catch

2. My sister  __________ home late last night.

A. comes                    B. come                      C. came                     D. was come

3. My father __________  tired when I __________ home.

A. was – got              B. is – get                   C. was – getted          D. were – got

4. What __________ you __________ two days ago?

A. do – do                  B. did – did                C. do – did                 D. did – do

5. Where __________ your family __________ on the summer holiday last year?

A. do – go                  B. does – go               C. did – go                 D. did – went

Bài 1. Chia động từ ở dạng quá khứ đơn

1. What you (do) ______ last night? – I (do) ______ my homework.
2.  I (love) ______ him but no more.
3.  Yesterday, I (get) ______ up at 6 and (have) ______ breakfast at 6. 30.
4. They (buy) ……………. that house last year.
5.  She (not go) …………. to school yesterday.

Đáp án

Bài 2: Dùng từ gợi ý viết thành câu hoàn chỉnh ở thì Quá khứ đơn

1. I/ go swimming/ yesterday.

=> ________________________________

2. Mrs. Nhung/ wash/ the dishes.

=> ________________________________

3. my mother/ go shopping/ with/ friends/ in/ park.

=> ________________________________

4. Lan/ cook/ chicken noodles/ dinner.

=> ________________________________

5. Nam/ I/ study/ hard/ last weekend.

=> ________________________________

Đáp án

1 – I went swimming yesterday.

2 – Mrs. Nhung washes the dishes.

3 – My mother went shopping with her friends in the park.

4 – Lan cooked chicken noodles for dinner.

5 – Nam and studied hard last week.

Bài 1: Hoàn thành các câu bằng cách sử dụng các động từ sau ở dạng chính xác:

(buy – catch – cost – fall – hurt – sell – spend – teach – throw -·write)

1. Mozart …wrote….. more than 600 pieces of music.
2. ‘How did you learn to drive?’ ‘My father. …………….. me.’
3. We couldn’t afford to keep our car, so we …………… .. it.
4. Dave ………………………………… down the stairs this morning and … . ………… …………….his leg.
5. Joe ………………………………… the ball to Sue, who .. ….. .. .. .. .. …………… it.
6. Ann ………. ….. a lot of money yesterday. She . … ……….. a dress which ……….. ….. ..….. £100.

Bài 2: Hoàn thành các câu. Đặt động từ vào đúng dạng.

1. lt was warm, so I ………. off my coat. (take)
2. The film wasn’t very good. I .……….. it much. (enjoy)
3. I knew Sarah was busy, so I …………………… ………………….. her. (disturb)
4. We were very tired, so we. …………………. …………… the party early. (leave)
5. The bed was very uncomfortable. I ………………………………………….. well. (sleep)
6. The window was open and a bird ……………… ……….. …… into the room. (fly)
7. The hotel wasn’t very expensive. lt .. ….. ….. …………. much to stay there. (cost)
8. I was in a hurry, so I….. …. … .. ……… time to phone you. (have)
9. lt was hard carrying the bags. They ………………………….. .. ……………. very heavy. (be)

Bài 3: Chọn đáp án đúng

1. They __ the bus yesterday.
   A. don’t catch           B. weren’t catch       C. didn’t catch         D. not catch
2. My sister  __ home late last night.
   A. comes                    B. come                      C. came                     D. was come
3. My father _  tired when I _ home.
   A. was – got              B. is – get                   C. was – getted          D. were – got
4. What _ you _ two days ago?
   A. do – do                  B. did – did                C. do – did                 D. did – do
5. Where _ your family _ on the summer holiday last year?
   A. do – go                  B. does – go               C. did – goD. did – went

Bài 4: Bạn có cuộc nói chuyện với James về kỳ nghỉ của anh ấy. Viết câu hỏi của bạn để hoàn thành đoạn hội thoại dưới đây nhé:

Hi. How are things?
Fine, thanks. I’ve just had a great holiday.

1. Where ….did you … go…? To the U.S. We went on a trip from San Francisco to Denver.
2. How …………… ………………………… . ? By car? Yes, we hired a car in San Francisco.
3. It’s a long way to drive. How long. …………………… to get to Denver? Two weeks.
4. Where ……………….? In hotels? Yes, small hotels or motels
5. .………………………. good?Yes, but it was very hot – sometimes too hot
6. ……………….. the Grand Canyon? Of course. lt was wonderful.

ĐÁP ÁN THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN

Bài 1: 

1. wrote
2. taught
3. sold 
4. fell … hurt 
5. threw … caught 
6. spent … bought … cost

Bài 2:

1. took
2. didn’t enjoy
3. didn’t disturb
4. left
5. didn’t sleep
6. flew
7. didn’t cost
8. didn’t have
9. wer

Bài 3:

1. C
2. C
3. A
4. D
5. C

Bài 4: 

1. did you
2. did you travel I did you go
3. did it take (you)
4. did you stay
5. Was the weather
6. Did you go to I Did you see I Did you visit

Bản quyền bài viết thuộc trường trung học phổ thông Sóc Trăng. Mọi hành vi sao chép đều là gian lận.
Nguồn chia sẻ: Trường THPT Thành Phố Sóc Trăng (thptsoctrang.edu.vn)