Vật lý 7 bài 5: Ảnh của một vật tạo bởi gương phẳng và Cách vẽ ảnh của vật tạo bởi gương phẳng. Thực tế là hầu hết các em đã từng soi gương để chỉnh đầu tóc quần áo cho ngay ngắn và gọn gàng trước khi đi học, đi chơi,… Tuy nhiên, chúng ta lại chưa biết các tính chất của ảnh được tạo bởi gương phằng như thế nào?
Vậy ảnh của một vật tạo bởi gương phẳng có những tính chất nào? Cách vẽ ảnh (dựng ảnh) của vật tạo bởi gương phẳng như thế nào? chúng ta cùng tìm hiểu qua bài viết này.
I. Tính chất ảnh tạo bởi gương phẳng
– Thí nghiệm được bố trí h5.2 sgk: gồm cây nến (đèn cày) đặt trước gương phẳng được nẹp thẳng đứng.
1. Ảnh của vật tạo bởi gương phẳng có hứng được trên màn chắn không?
– Kết luận: Ảnh của vật tạo bởi gương phẳng KHÔNG hứng được trên màn chắn, gọi là ảnh ảo.
2. Độ lớn của ảnh có bằng độ lớn của vật không?
– Kết luận: Độ lớn của ảnh của một vật tạo bởi gương phẳng BẰNG độ lớn của vật.
3. So sáng khoảng cách từ một điểm của vật đến gương và khoảng cách từ ảnh của điểm đó đến gương.
– Kết luận: Điểm sáng và ảnh của nó tạo bởi gương phẳng cách gương một khoảng BẰNG nhau
II. Giải thích sự tạo thành ảnh bởi gương phẳng
– Vẽ ảnh S’ dựa vào tính chất của ảnh qua gương phẳng (ảnh đối xứng với vật qua gương).
– Vẽ hai tia phản xạ IR và KM theo định luật phản xạ ánh sáng
– Kéo dài 2 tia phản xạ gặp nhau tại S’.
* Nhận xét:
– Mắt đặt trong khoảng IR và KM sẽ thấy S’
– Mắt ta nhìn thấy S’ vì các tia phản xạ lọt vào mắt ta coi như đi thẳng từ S’ đến mắt.
– Không hứng được S’ trên màn vì chỉ có đường kéo dài của các tia phản xạ gặp nhau ở S’ (tức ảnh ảo) chứ không có ánh sáng thật đến S’.
* Kết luận:
– Ta nhìn thấy ảnh ảo S’ vì các tia phản xạ lọt vào mắt có đường kéo dài đi qua ảnh S’.
– Ảnh của một vật là tập hợp ảnh của tất cả các điểm trên vật.
III. Bài tập vận dụng nội dung kiến thức ảnh của vật tạo bởi gương phẳng
* Hãy vận dụng tính chất của ảnh tạo bởi gương phẳng để vẽ ảnh của một mũi tên đặt trước một gương phẳng như hình 5.5.
• Vì ảnh và vật đối xứng nhau qua gương nên ta xác định ảnh của vật AB bằng cách sau:
– Xác định ảnh A’ của A bằng cách dựng AK vuông góc với gương, trên tia đối của tia KA lấy điểm A’ sao cho A’K = KA. A’ là ảnh của A qua gương cần vẽ.
• Tương tự ta xác định được ảnh B’ của B qua gương.
– Nối A’B’ ta được ảnh A’B’ của AB qua gương phẳng. A’B’ là ảnh ảo nên vẽ bằng nét đứt để phân biệt với vật sáng.
Tóm lại, với nội dung về ảnh của một vật qua gương phẳng các em cần nhớ được nội dung trọng tâm là 3 tính chất của ảnh qua gương phẳng, cách dựng ảnh (vẽ ảnh) qua gương phẳng.
+ Tấm kính phẳng thực ra có hai mặt phản xạ: mặt trên và mặt dưới, bởi vậy ta sẽ thấy 2 ảnh. Tấm kính càng mỏng thì 2 ảnh càng gần trùng nhau.
+ Gương phẳng thường dùng là tấm kính phẳng bằng thủy tinh cũng có hai mặt phản xạ, nhưng mặt dưới được tráng một lớp bạc phản xạ tốt hơn, nên tạo ra một ảnh rõ nét.
Hy vọng với bài viết về cách vẽ ảnh của vật tạo bởi gương phẳng ở trên hữu ích cho các em, mọi góp ý và thắc mắc các em hãy để lại bình luận dưới bài viết để được ghi nhận và hỗ trợ, chúc các em học tốt.
Bản quyền bài viết thuộc trường trung học phổ thông Sóc Trăng. Mọi hành vi sao chép đều là gian lận.
Nguồn chia sẻ: Trường THPT Thành Phố Sóc Trăng (thptsoctrang.edu.vn)
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