Các dạng so sánh trong tiếng Anh giúp các em học sinh nắm vững được các kiến thức cơ bản của câu so sánh bằng, so sánh hơn và so sánh hơn nhất và một số bài tập thực hành.
Thông qua tài liệu này các em có thêm nhiều tư liệu tham khảo, nắm vững kiến thức từ đó biết cách làm các bài tập tiếng Anh nhanh chóng và chính xác. Bên cạnh đó các em tham khảo thêm 12 thì trong tiếng Anh.
1. Câu so sánh trong tiếng Anh
Câu so sánh trong tiếng Anh được sử dụng khi muốn nhấn mạnh ý trong câu. Trong tiếng Anh cũng có 3 cách để so sánh như vậy gồm:
- So sánh bằng
- So sánh hơn
- So sánh nhất
Ví dụ: She is as beautiful as Anna, but you know what, my wife is even more beautiful than Anna.
2. Cấu trúc so sánh bằng
a. Cấu trúc so sánh bằng trong tiếng Anh với tính từ và trạng từ
Công thức so sánh bằng:
S + V + as + (adj/ adv) + as
Ví dụ:
- This dress is as expensive as yours.
- This picture is as colorful as the one I have ever seen.
b. Cấu trúc so sánh bằng trong tiếng Anh với danh từ
Công thức so sánh bằng:
S + V + the same + (noun) + as
Ví dụ:
- Timmy has the same height as Tom.
- Their professor is different from ours.
c. Các loại tính từ, trạng từ trong câu so sánh tiếng Anh
*Tính từ ngắn gồm:
- Tính từ có một âm tiết. Ví dụ: bad, short, good,….
- Tính từ có hai âm tiết kết thúc bằng –y, –le,–ow, –er, et. Ví dụ: sweet, clever,…
*Tính từ dài gồm: Các tính từ có từ ba âm tiết trở lên được gọi là tính từ dài. Ví dụ: beautiful, intelligent, expensive,…
* Trạng từ ngắn và trạng từ dài:
- Trạng từ ngắn là trạng từ có một âm tiết. Ví dụ: far, fast, hard, near, right, wrong,…
- Trạng từ dài là trạng từ có hai âm tiết trở lên. Ví dụ: beautifully, quickly, kindly,…
3. Cấu trúc so sánh hơn trong tiếng Anh
a. Cấu trúc so sánh hơn trong tiếng Anh với tính từ và trạng từ ngắn
Công thức tổng quát
S + V + (Adj/Adv) + “-er” + than
Ví dụ:
- My girlfriend came later than me.
- Lindy is shorter than her younger sister.
- My ruler is longer than yours.
b.Cấu trúc so sánh hơn trong tiếng Anh với tính từ và trạng từ dài
Công thức so sánh hơn:
S + V + more + Adj/Adv + than
4. Cấu trúc câu so sánh hơn nhất trong tiếng Anh
a. Cấu trúc so sánh hơn nhất trong tiếng Anh với tính từ và trạng từ ngắn
Công thức so sánh hơn nhất:
S + V + the + Adj/Adv + -est
Ví dụ:
- Linda is the youngest person in my office.
- My house is the highest one in my neighborhood.
b, Cấu trúc so sánh hơn nhất trong tiếng Anh với tính từ và trạng từ dài
Công thức so sánh hơn nhất:
S + V + the + most + Adj/Adv
5. Một số tính từ và trạng từ đặc biệt trong câu so sánh
| Tính từ | So sánh hơn | So sánh nhất | Chú ý |
| good/ well | better | best | |
| bad/ badly | worse | worst | |
| many/ much | more | most | |
| little | less | least | |
| far | farther | farthest | (về khoảng cách) |
| far | further | furthest | (về thời gian + khoảng cách) |
| near | nearer | nearest | (về khoảng cách) |
| near | nearer | next | (về thứ tự) |
| late | later | latest | (về thời gian) |
| late | later | last | (về thứ tự) |
| old | older | oldest | (về tuổi tác) |
| old | elder | eldest | (về cấp bậc hơn) |
6. Bài tập so sánh trong tiếng Anh
Bài 1: Hãy sắp xếp lại câu so sánh
1. Julia/ tall/ her friend.
2. A banana/ not sweet/ an apple.
3. A fish/ not big/ a elephant.
4. This dress/ pretty/ that one.
5. the weather/ not hot/ yesterday.
6. A rose/ beautiful/ a weed.
7. A cat/ intelligent/ a chicken.
8. Hung/ friendly/ Minh.
Bài 2: Hãy điền dạng đúng của từ vào chỗ trống sao cho phù hợp với ngữ cảnh của câu văn
1. Mom’s watch is … than mine. (expensive)
2. She lives in a really … villa. (beautiful)
3. She is the … tennis player of Australia. (good)
4. This luggage is … than mine. (heavy)
5. He runs … than his sister. (quick)
6. Layla is … than Henry but Sophia is the … (tall/tall)
7. Kai reads … books than Daniel but Tom reads the … (many/many)
8. France is as … as London. (beautiful)
9. My brother is three years … than me. (young)
10. This was the … movie I have ever seen. (bad)
11. I speak France … now than two years ago. (fluent)
12. Could you write…? (clear)
13. Cameroon can run … than John. (fast)
14. Our team played … of all. (bad)
15. He worked … than ever before. (hard)
ĐÁP ÁN
Bài 1
1. Julia is as tall as her friend.
2. A banana is not as sweet as an apple.
3. A fish is not as big as a elephant.
4. This dress is as pretty as that one.
5. The weather is not as hot as yesterday.
6. A rose is more beautiful than a weed.
7. A cat is more intelligent than a chicken.
8. Hung is more friendly than Minh.
Bài 2:
1. more expensive
2. beautiful
3. best
4. heavier
5. quicker
6. taller/tallest
7. more/most
8. beautiful
9. younger
10. worst
11. more fluently
12. more clearly
13. faster
14. worst
15. harder.
7. Bài tập tự luyện câu so sánh
I. Choose the correct answer.
1. Of the four dresses, I like the red one (better/ best).
2. Pat’s car is (faster/ fastest) than Dan’s.
3. John is (less/ least) athletic of all the men.
4. Does Fred feel (weller/ better) today than he did yesterday?
5. My cat is the (prettier/ prettiest) of the two.
6. This vegetable soup tastes very (good/ best).
7. David is the (happier/ happiest) person that we know.
8. This summery is (the better/ the best) of the pair.
9. Jim has as (few/ fewer) opportunities to play tennis as I do.
10. The museum is (the further/ the furthest) away of the three buildings.
II. Complete the following sentences with the appropriate form of the words in brackets.
1. Learning to speak a language is often much (easy) _____________________ than learning to write it.
2. This hotel must be (expensive)____________________ than the small one next door.
3. He is certainly (unusual)___________________person I have ever met.
4. His latest film is (interesting)_____________________ than his previous ones.
5. What is (difficult)_______________________ thing you have ever done?
6. Losing your credit card is (bad)_______________________ than losing your money.
7. Bringing up children is one of (hard)_____________________ jobs in the world.
8. When I saw her, she looked much (thin)______________________ than I remembered her.
III. Complete the sentences below, using the suitable comparison form of the adjectives from the box. One of these adjectives is used twice.
|
warm comfortable cheap intelligent lucky simple boring hot difficult |
1. This exercise is too easy – can’t we try a ____________________ one?
2. England is too cold in spring – let’s go to Spain where is ____________________.
3. She comes top in all exams – she must be _________________________ girl in the class.
4. The temperature in July reaches forty – four degrees – it’s ______________________ month of the year.
5. Let’s buy this video – it doesn’t cost too much – it’s ______________________ the other one.
6. When I passed my driving test, it was the _________________________ day of my life.
7. Lying down in bed is ___________________________ sitting on a hard chair.
8. I could hardly keep awake – it was _______________________________ film I’ve ever seen.
9. She’s ______________________________ person I know – she is always winning prizes in lotteries.
10. I can’t do this test – can you give me a ______________________________ one?
IV. Match the phrases in A with suitable ones in B and C to make meaningful sentences.
| A | B | C |
|
1. Jonathan is 2. My great-great aunt is 3. London is 4. Alaska is 5. The guitar player is 6. The Nile is 7. My parents’ room is 8. The Mercedes is 9. Sarah is 10. June 21th is |
A. the biggest state B. the longest river C. the best musician D. the fastest runner E. the biggest city F. the oldest person G. the most expensive H. the longest day I. the youngest J. the biggest |
m. in the group. n. in my family. o. in the team. p. in the world. q. in Britain. r. in the USA. s. of the four bedrooms. t. of the five girls. u. of the three cars. v. of the year. |
V. Rewrite the sentences, beginning as shown.
1. Yesterday the temperature was nine degrees, but today it is only six degrees.
It’s____________________________________________.
2. I expected my friends arrived at about 4p.m. In fact they arrived at 2:30.
My friends________________________________________.
3. Jane cooks better than her sister.
Jane’s sister______________________________.
4. Tom is the best football player in this team.
Nobody in this team________________________.
5. Nothing is faster than the speed of light.
The speed of light______________________.
6. Jack is younger than he looks.
Jack isn’t______________________________.
7. I didn’t spend as much money as you do.
_____________________________________.
8. I have never met anyone as interesting as he is.
He is____________________________________.
VI. Complete the sentences below, using Comparative + and + comparative
1. The company expanded rapidly. It grew (big) ___________ all the time.
2. Cathy got (bored) ____________ in her job. In the end, she left.
3. My bag seemed to get (heavy) ____________ as I carried them.
4. As I waited for my interview, I became (nervous) __________.
5. As the day went on, the weather got (bad) ____________.
6. Healthcare is becoming (expensive) _______________
7. As the conversation went on, Tom became (talkative) _________
8. These days, (many) ________________ people are learning English.
9. The company’s share price went (high) ______________.
10. Life got (good) _________________for boss Bob Watt as the company became (successful)____________.
11. Life in the modern world is becoming (complex) ________________.
12. When I get excited, my heart beats (fast) _________________.
13. The little boy seemed to get (upset)______________.
14. It’s getting (difficult)___________________ to find a job.
15. The noise got (loud)_____________ as we approached the house.
VII. Complete the sentences below, using the information in brackets.
1. The older you get, _______________(You are understanding).
2. The younger you are, ________________(you learn quickly).
3. The earlier we start, ____________ (it is good).
4. The bigger a supermarket is, ______________ (the choice is wide).
5. The more you learn, ______________________ (you know a lot about the world).
6. The more we practice a language, _________ (we can speak fluently).
7. The more he plays sport, _________________ (he looks healthy).
8. The higher the humidity is, _________________ (people feel uncomfortable).
VIII. Complete the sentences below, using The comparative…, the comparative…
1. The crowd became increasingly angry at the long delay.
_____________________ the delay (was), ________________________ the crowd became.
2. The value of a picture depends on how famous the artist is.
________________________ an artist (is), ______________________________ the picture is.
3. How well I sleep depends on how late I go to bed.
____________________________ I go to bed, __________________________I sleep.
4. I don’t spend much time with my family because I work so hard.
______________ I work, _____________ I spend with my family.
5. The traffic moves very slowly as more cars comes into the city.
_________ cars come into the city, _____________ the traffic moves.
6. How much you sweat depends on how hot you get.
______ you get, _________________ you sweat.
7. It’s hard to concentrate when you are tired.
__________ you are, ________________ it is to concentrate.
8. How much petrol a car uses depends on how big the engine is.
_________ the engine (is), ___________ the car uses.
9. If a knife is sharp, it is easy to cut something with.
________________ a knife (is), _____________ it is to cut something.
10. I became increasingly nervous about her fast driving.
______________________ she drove, _________________________ I became.
IX. Complete the second sentence so that the meaning stays the same.
1. His previous CD wasn’t as popular as this one.
→ This CD………………………………….. ………………………………………………………
2. I haven’t taken as much interest in football as you have.
→ You have………………………………… ………………………………………………………
3. I was less interested in the film than I had expected.
→ The film………………………………….. ………………………………………………………
4. Britain isn’t as warm as Greece.
→ Greece…………………………………… ………………………………………………………
5. I have been to fewer countries than you have.
→ I haven’t ………………………………… ……………………………………………………..
6. Couldn’t you find a better hotel?
→ Is this…………………………………….. ………………………………………………………
7. He lost his money simply because he wasn’t careful.
→ If he ………………………………………. ………………………………………………………
8. He has never behaved so violently before.
→ He is behaving………………………… ………………………………………………………
9. As television programs become more popular, they seem to get worse.
→ The more………………………………… ………………………………………………………
10. My boss works better when he’s pressed for time.
→ The less………………………………….. ………………………………………………………
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