Giải bài 1 trang 11 SGK Hóa 10 nâng cao
Bài 1 (trang 11 sgk Hóa 10 nâng cao): Nguyên tố hóa học là những nguyên tử có cùng:
A. số khối.
B. số nơtron
C. số proton.
D. số nơtron và proton.
Chọn đáp án đúng.
Lời giải:
Chọn C. Nguyên tố hóa học là những nguyên tử có cùng điện tích hạt nhân (hay số proton).
Giải bài 2 trang 11 SGK Hóa 10 nâng cao
Bài 2 (trang 11 sgk Hóa 10 nâng cao): Kí hiệu nguyên tử biểu thị đầy đủ đặc trưng cho nguyên tử của một nguyên tố hóa học vì nó cho biết:
A. số khối A.
B. số hiệu nguyên tử Z
C. nguyên tử khối của nguyên tử.
D. số khối A và số đơn vị điện tích hạt nhân.
Chọn đáp án đúng.
Lời giải:
Chọn D.
Giải bài 3 trang 11 SGK Hóa 10 nâng cao
Bài 3 (trang 11 sgk Hóa 10 nâng cao): Hãy cho biết mối liên hệ giữa số proton, số đơn vị điện tích hạt nhân và số electron trong một nguyên tử. Giải thích và cho ví dụ.
Lời giải:
Trong nguyên tử ta luôn có:
Số đơn vị điện tích hạt nhân = số proton = số electron.
Do nguyên tử trung hòa về điện nên số proton trong hạt nhân bằng số electron của nguyên tử..
Độc giả tự giải thích và cho ví dụ.
VD:
Giải bài 4 trang 11 SGK Hóa 10 nâng cao
Bài 4 (trang 11 sgk Hóa 10 nâng cao): Hãy cho biết số đơn vị điện tích hạt nhân, số proton, số nơtron và số electron của các nguyên tử có kí hiệu sau đây:
Lời giải:
Giải bài 5 trang 11 SGK Hóa 10 nâng cao
Bài 5 (trang 11 sgk Hóa 10 nâng cao): Ytri (Y) dùng làm vật liệu siêu dẫn có số khối là 88. Dựa vào bảng tuần hoàn, hãy xác định số proton, số nơtron và số electron của nguyên tử nguyên tố Y.
Lời giải:
Tra trong bảng tuần hoàn ta có: ZY = 39.
Theo đề bài: AY = 88 => N = A – Z = 88 – 39 = 49.
Vậy số p là 39, số e là 39 và số n là 49.
Bản quyền bài viết thuộc trường trung học phổ thông Sóc Trăng. Mọi hành vi sao chép đều là gian lận.
Nguồn chia sẻ: Trường THPT Thành Phố Sóc Trăng (thptsoctrang.edu.vn)
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