Câu 1: Tìm bố cục của truyện. (Gợi ý: Căn cứ vào trình tự thời gian chuyến về thăm quê của nhân vật “tôi”).
Có thể hình dung bố cục của truyện thành ba phần:
– Phần đầu là hành trình trở về làng quê của nhân vật “tôi” (Tấn) – người kể chuyện (từ đầu cho đến “đang làm ăn sinh sống”).
Bạn đang xem: Soạn bài Cố hương – Lỗ Tấn
– Soạn văn 9
– Phần giữa là những ngày “tôi” ở làng quê để từ biệt (từ “Tinh mơ sáng hôm sau” cho đến “xấu tốt đều mang đi sạch trơn như quét”).
– Phần cuối là “tôi” và gia đình trên đường ra đi (từ “Thuyền chúng tôi thẳng tiến” cho đến hết).
Câu 2: Trong truyện, có mấy nhân vật chính? Nhân vật nào là nhân vật trung tâm? Vì sao?
– Truyện có 2 nhân vật chính là “Tôi” và “Nhuận Thổ”
– Nhân vật trung tâm: Tôi. Vì: “tôi” xuất hiện trong cả ba phần của tác phẩm. Nhuận Thổ chỉ xuấn hiện trong suy nghĩ của nhân vật tôi. Không phải chỉ có Nhuận Thổ thay đổi mà cả cố hương, thím Hai Dương, và cả gia đình “tôi” cũng đều thay đổi theo chiều hướng chung, trong đó sự thay đổi của Nhuận Thổ là tiêu biểu, nên Nhuận Thổ là nhân vật chính. Nhân vật tôi không chỉ xuất hiện ở khắp tác phẩm mà còn là đầu mối dẫn dắt câu chuyện, phát ngôn ở mọi tình huống, ngay từ dòng đầu cho đến dòng cuối tác phẩm, và hơn thế, những phát ngôn ấy là cốt lõi của nội dung tư tưởng tác phẩm, bộc lộ rõ nhất tư tưởng, chủ đề của tác phẩm.
Câu 3: Tác giả đã dùng những biện pháp nghệ thuật nào để làm nổi bật sự thay đổi ở nhân vật Nhuận Thổ? Ngoài sự thay đổi của Nhuận Thổ, tác giả còn miêu tả sự thay đổi nào khác của những con người và cảnh vật ở Cố hương? Tác giả đã biểu hiện tình cảm, thái độ như thế nào và đặt ra vấn đề gì qua sự miêu tả đó?
– Hai biện pháp nghệ thuật chính là “hồi ức” và “đối chiếu” để làm nổi bật sự thay đổi ở nhân vật Nhuận Thổ.
– Trong việc chỉ rõ sự thay đối của con người và cảnh vật của làng tác giả có nói đến sự sa sút về kinh tế, tình cảnh đói nghèo của dân do nạn áp bức tham nhũng nặng nề, song trọng điểm vần là nổi bật sự thay đổi về diện mạo tinh thần (thể hiện qua tính cách thím Hai Dương, tính cách của nhừng người khách mượn cớ đưa tiễn con “Tôi” để “lấy đồ đạc”, đặc biệt là qua tính cách của Nhuận Thổ), vì vậy, trong mọi thay đổi, điều làm Lỗ Tấn đau xót nhất, đau xót “điếng người đi” là mối quan hệ giữa Nhuận Thổ và “Tôi”.
– Qua đó, tác giả đã biểu hiện tình cảm, thái độ: đau xót trước sự thay đổi con người, phê phán lễ giáo phong kiến.
Câu 4: Đọc kĩ ba đoạn văn sau và trả lời câu hỏi:
a) “Nhưng đáng tiếc thay, hết tháng giêng… Nhưng từ đấy chúng tôi không hề gặp mặt nhau nữa”.
b) “Người đi vào là Nhuận Thổ… vừa thô kệch vừa nặng nề, nứt nẻ như vỏ cây thông”.
c) “Tôi nghĩ bụng… Người ta đi mãi thì thành đường thôi”.
Trong ba đoạn văn trên:
– Đoạn văn nào chủ yếu dùng phương thức miêu tả và thông qua đó, tác giả muốn thể hiện điều gì?
– Đoạn nào chủ yếu dùng phương thức tự sự? Ngoài tự sự, tác giả còn sử dụng các yếu tố của phương thức biểu đạt nào khác? Nêu hiệu quả của sự kết hợp đó trong việc thể hiện tính cách nhân vật.
– Đoạn nào chủ yếu dùng phương thức nghị luận và thông qua đó, tác giả muốn nói lên điều gì?
– Đoạn a chủ yếu dùng phương thức tự sự (có kết hợp biểu cảm), nổi bật quan hệ gắn bó giữa hai người bạn thời thơ ấu (là để làm nổi bật sự thay đổi trong thái độ của Nhuận Thổ đối với tôi hiện nay).
– Đoạn b chủ yếu dùng phương thức miêu tả, kết hợp với biện pháp hồi ức và đối chiếu, làm nổi bật sự thay đổi về mặt ngoại hình của nhuận Thổ, qua đó có thể thấy tình cảnh sống điêu đứng của Nhuận Thổ và nông dân miền biển nói chung.
– Đoạn c chủ yếu dùng phương thức lập luận, về ý nghĩa, các phần trên đã đề cập.
Bản quyền bài viết thuộc trường trung học phổ thông Sóc Trăng. Mọi hành vi sao chép đều là gian lận.
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